This study investigates the efficiency of PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for treating municipal/industrial wastewater. A range of factors, including membrane pore size and feed concentration, were adjusted to optimize system performance. The results demonstrated that PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a viable solution for wastewa

Precision agriculture is increasingly relying on innovative techniques to enhance crop yields while minimizing water consumption. One such promising approach involves the utilization of nano-bubbles, tiny air pockets encapsulated within a liquid medium. These subatomic bubbles possess unique physicochemical properties that can revolutionize irrigat